品名

丙烯酸甲酯;  2-丙烯酸甲酯;  敗脂酸甲酯; Methyl acrylate;  Acrylic acid, methyl ester; 2-Propenoic acid, methyl ester; CAS：96-33-3

理化性質(zhì)

無色透明液體。有辛辣味,是一種催淚物。分子式C4-H6-O2。化學(xué)式CH2=CHCOOCH3。分子量86.09。相對密度 0.956(20/4℃)。熔點(diǎn) -76.5 ℃。沸點(diǎn) 80.5℃。閃點(diǎn) -2.78℃(閉杯)。蒸氣密度 3.0。蒸氣壓 13.33KPa(28℃)。蒸氣與空氣混合物爆炸下限 2.8～25% 。在水中溶解度: 6g/100ml(20℃); 溶于乙醇、乙醚。在貯存期間易自動聚合,故需加抑制劑。熱量、光或過氧化物能使聚合加速。遇熱、明火,易燃、易爆。能與氧化物反應(yīng)。

接觸機(jī)會

用于合成纖維、涂料、橡膠、皮革等工業(yè)。

國內(nèi)主要生產(chǎn)廠商: 北京東方化工廠、蘇州安利化工廠、淄博有機(jī)化工廠、吉林公司電石廠、撫順化學(xué)纖維廠

侵入途徑

主要經(jīng)呼吸道進(jìn)入人體,亦可經(jīng)皮膚吸收。

毒理學(xué)簡介

人吸入TCLo: 75 ppm。大鼠經(jīng)口LD50: 277 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 1350 ppm/4H。小鼠經(jīng)口LD50: 827 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 12800 mg/m3。兔經(jīng)皮LD50: 1243 mg/kg。

丙烯酸甲酯在體內(nèi)水解為酸和醇,并進(jìn)一步代謝。毒性比相應(yīng)飽和酯（丙酸甲酯）為大,有明顯的刺激作用。緩慢吸收可能影響肝、腎。人吸入 250～500mg/m^3 時,對粘膜有刺激作用。

臨床表現(xiàn)

口服急性中毒者出現(xiàn)口腔、食道、胃明顯腐蝕癥狀,伴有虛脫、呼吸困難、煩躁等。吸入后出現(xiàn)顯著的刺激癥狀,有流涎、眼結(jié)膜充血及顯著的呼吸道刺激。高濃度吸入后可引起肺水腫。

美國HSDB引用文獻(xiàn)：

*LETHARGY & CONVULSIONS MAY OCCUR IF VAPOR OF THE MONOMER ARE INHALED IN HIGH CONCN. [R2]

*RESPIRATION BECOMES RAPID. ... /CAUSES/ SERIOUS BURNS OF CORNEA ... CLOTHES OR GLOVES WHICH MAY BE SATURATED WITH ACRYLATE CAN FACILITATE ABSORPTION, & GIVE RISE TO ... IRRITATION OF SKIN. [R21, 86]

*METHYL ACRYLATE IS HIGHLY IRRITATING ... TO GI TRACT. ... CHRONIC ABSORPTION MAY AFFECT LIVER & KIDNEY TISSUE. A CASE HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED ... WHERE A DOSE OF 1000 MG/KG ADMIN SUBCUTANEOUSLY PROVED TO BE FATAL. [R12, 2294]

*METHYL ACRYLATE IS AN IRRITANT IN 10/30 PT @ 20 PPH IN OLIVE OIL. IT IS ALSO AN ALLERGEN (2/22 CASES). BECAUSE OF ITS IRRITATING PROPERTIES, THE CONCN OF 2 PPH IS PROPOSED FOR ALLERGENIC INVESTIGATION, A RISK OF SENSITIZATION DUE TO TEST REPETITION EXISTS. [R36]

*A GROUP OF 105 WORKERS WERE EXAMINED WHO HAD BEEN IN CONTACT WITH METHYLACRYLATE. INTRADERMAL SAMPLES SHOWED POS HEMAGGLUTINATION REACTIONS IN 76.1% EXPOSED;  53.7% OF THE WORKERS SHOWED THE CLINICAL PRESENCE OF 3 ALLERGIES (DERMATITIS, ECZEMA, & URTICARIA). [R37]

*WHEN COMPARING STRAIGHT WITH BRANCHED CHAIN ACRYLATES, ETHYL ACRYLATE BY ORAL ROUTE MAY BE ONLY HALF AS TOXIC AS METHYL ACRYLATE, BUT EIGHT TIMES AS TOXIC AS METHYL METHACRYLATE, & 13 TIMES AS TOXIC AS ETHYL METHACRYLATE. [R12, 2292]

處理

口服者按內(nèi)科服毒急救原則處理。

由呼吸道吸入而中毒者,應(yīng)迅速移離現(xiàn)場至新鮮空氣處。霧化吸入中和藥物。吸氧、止咳、解痙,必要時吸氧等對癥治療和支持療法。嚴(yán)重者積極防治肺水腫。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

車間空氣衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn): 中國 MAC 20mg/m^3; 美國ACGIH TLV-TWA 35 mg/m3 (10 ppm) (皮膚)。

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